Kazakhstan’s economy is resource-rich, with oil, gas, and mining as key drivers. Efforts to diversify into manufacturing, agriculture, and logistics are gaining momentum. Market competition is limited by state control in strategic sectors, though reforms aim to boost private sector growth. Public policies focus on infrastructure development and regional integration, such as the Belt and Road Initiative. Regulatory frameworks are improving, but corruption remains a concern. Kazakh society is urbanizing rapidly, with a growing middle class. Education reforms prioritize STEM and innovation, supporting economic modernization. Healthcare is accessible but underfunded in rural areas. Climate risks, including desertification and water stress, necessitate sustainable resource management. Kazakhstan’s strategic location and resource wealth position it for regional leadership.
