Turkmenistan’s economy is heavily centralized and reliant on natural gas exports, with limited diversification. State control over industries and restricted trade policies hinder private sector growth and foreign investment. Government policies emphasize self-sufficiency, but structural reforms are needed to enhance competitiveness. Regulatory frameworks are opaque, deterring international business. Society benefits from state-funded education and healthcare, but political restrictions limit individual freedoms. Education quality is declining due to underfunding. Climate challenges, including water scarcity, affect agriculture. Healthcare infrastructure is basic and struggles with resource allocation.
