Battery Electric Vehicles (EV) require a broader mix of minerals compared to conventional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles, including, on average, over 60 kilograms of graphite and nearly 40 kilograms of nickel per vehicle. Battery EVs also require varying quantities of lithium, cobalt, nickel, graphite, and rare earths, which conventional vehicles do not. Manganese and copper are required for both conventional vehicles and battery EVs, however, they are used twice as much for battery EVs.